Modern societies with free-market economies can be unkind to women with declining or low perceived sexual market value. In most liberal societies, a decline in this perceived value eventually affects the vast majority of women. Even young, highly attractive women are often aware that they will ultimately be affected by this dynamic.
While there are other reasons for female solidarity, the common interest in regulating male sexuality is often the most emotionally charged and, from this theoretical perspective, the most foundational basis for such solidarity.
To regulate male sexuality, two primary strategies are frequently observed: 1. restricting men's behavior, and 2. restricting the behavior of other women.
A significant number of women may be willing to compromise on various issues, including accepting certain traditional or religious regulations, if the effect is to halt the decline of their perceived sexual market value.
Many social conventions, such as formal marriage structures in conservative societies, have the net effect of regulating male sexuality and limiting female competition.
A phenomenon that has challenged these solidarity efforts since the late 20th century is increased male international mobility, with some men relocating to or traveling to non-Western countries to seek romantic or sexual opportunities.
In response, female advocacy groups have often campaigned to restrict such behavior by shaping public opinion and advocating for legislation that penalizes or discourages it.